Makhana (Euryale ferox) also known as Gorgon nut, Fox nut is an aquatic crop belonging to the family of Nympheaceae and it is grown in stagnant perennial water bodies like ponds and swamps. It is characterized by its hard seed coat, black color, and round shape with a diameter ranging from 4.5 to 14.5 mm
Makhana contains 9.7% easily digestible protein, 76% carbohydrate, 12.8% moisture, 0.1% fat, 0.5% total minerals, 0.9% phosphorus, and 1.4% mg iron/100 g. These seeds are low in saturated fats, sodium, and cholesterol and are high in magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus. The amino acid index (89–93%) and arginine+lysine/proline ratio (4.74–7.6) of Makhana is high and superior when compared to many cereals. Popped Makhana is used in preparation of a number of Indian sweet dishes, pudding, and milk-based sweets. The seed is analgesic and aphrodisiac, hence, used in the preparations of a number of Ayurvedic medicines.